psychological testing

What Happens in a Psychological Assessment

Wondering What Happens in a Psychological Evaluation? Here's a Breakdown

When you or someone you care about is struggling with emotional, behavioral, or cognitive challenges, finding answers can feel urgent, but also intimidating. You might ask yourself, What happens in a psychological assessment? What does it involve? Will it be uncomfortable or confusing? The truth is, psychological evaluations are not designed to judge you, but to help uncover the underlying reasons for what you’re experiencing and guide the best next steps for treatment and support.

At Wellman Psychology, we specialize in delivering thorough and compassionate Psychoeducational Assessment Chicago that help individuals and families gain clarity, direction, and peace of mind. Whether you're navigating challenges in school, work, relationships, or daily life, this breakdown will help you understand the process from start to finish.

Purposes and Uses of Psychological Assessments

Psychological assessments are tools used to better understand the “why” behind a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. They provide clinicians with critical information that goes beyond what someone may be able to express verbally.

These evaluations are frequently used to:

  • Diagnose mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

  • Identify cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, or effects from a brain injury

  • Detect learning disabilities in children and adults (e.g., dyslexia or dyscalculia)

  • Determine causes of behavioral problems, such as aggression, poor impulse control, or social difficulties

  • Uncover personality traits and emotional patterns that influence daily life

Ultimately, a psychological evaluation helps professionals and patients make informed decisions about treatment, therapy, educational accommodations, or further specialized testing.

Components of Psychological Evaluation

Psychological assessments are multifaceted, incorporating both standardized tools and personalized approaches to ensure a well-rounded picture of the individual's mental functioning.

Tests

Tests are formal tools that have been researched and standardized to ensure objectivity. These include:

  • Questionnaires and checklists are designed to assess specific traits like attention span, memory, mood, or social functioning

  • IQ tests that measure intellectual abilities

  • Academic achievement tests used in educational evaluations

  • Personality inventories, such as the MMPI or Big Five personality scales

Each test is norm-referenced, meaning results are compared to a normative group (e.g., others in the same age range) to interpret performance or functioning.

Assessments

The assessment process is broader and includes additional components such as:

  • Clinical interviews, where psychologists ask questions about your history, current concerns, and symptoms

  • Observations during testing sessions or in natural settings (e.g., school, home)

  • Input from third parties, such as parents, teachers, coworkers, or spouses (with your consent)

  • Review of school or medical records, which provide important context

All of these elements help build a comprehensive psychological profile and contribute to more accurate diagnoses and treatment planning.

Types of Psychological Evaluations

Psychoeducational Evaluation

Used mostly in school-aged children but also in adults returning to education, this evaluation explores learning difficulties that may interfere with academic success. It includes:

  • Cognitive testing (e.g., IQ tests)

  • Academic skills testing (e.g., reading, writing, math)

  • Behavior and attention screenings

These evaluations are used to diagnose conditions such as dyslexia, ADHD, or processing disorders, and guide recommendations for special education services, accommodations (e.g., extra time on tests), and support through 504 Plans or IEPs.

Emotional and Personality Evaluation

When emotional distress, mood instability, or interpersonal difficulties are present, an emotional or personality assessment is recommended. These evaluations can:

  • Uncover emotional patterns and triggers

  • Identify personality disorders

  • Suggest effective therapeutic strategies

  • Help determine whether medication may be beneficial

Adults typically complete self-report inventories, while children and teens may rely on input from parents, caregivers, and teachers.

Neuropsychological Evaluation

This specialized assessment dives deeper into cognitive functioning, especially when neurological factors are involved. It evaluates:

  • Executive functioning (e.g., planning, organization, impulse control)

  • Memory and learning

  • Attention and processing speed

  • Motor coordination and spatial awareness

Often ordered for individuals with traumatic brain injuries, seizure disorders, stroke, or developmental conditions, these evaluations require advanced training and are often conducted in medical or rehabilitation settings.

The Evaluation Process

Every psychological evaluation is customized based on the individual’s concerns, age, and referral questions. Here’s what you can generally expect:

  • A clinical interview to gather background information and identify goals for testing

  • Completion of various standardized tests, either on paper, by computer, or orally

  • Possible questionnaires for family members or teachers

  • Observation of behavior during testing

The full process may occur in one long session or be broken into multiple shorter appointments. Afterward, your psychologist will compile and interpret the results, often delivering a written report and a feedback session to explain findings and recommendations.

Where Evaluations Take Place

Psychological assessments can be completed in various settings, depending on the individual's needs:

  • Schools for academic assessments and special education planning

  • Private clinics like Wellman Psychology for individualized and comprehensive evaluations

  • Hospitals or emergency rooms for acute concerns

  • Rehabilitation and long-term care facilities for older adults or patients recovering from injury

  • Correctional facilities for competency evaluations or behavioral assessments

Importance of Psychological Testing

Psychological testing is not about labeling—it’s about understanding. Benefits include:

  • Providing a clear diagnosis and explanation for symptoms

  • Offering a personalized treatment roadmap

  • Helping families, educators, and clinicians support the individual effectively

  • Revealing untapped strengths and areas of resilience

  • Supporting legal or institutional decisions (e.g., workplace accommodations, court proceedings)

With the right guidance, assessments can open doors to resources, understanding, and long-term improvement.

How Do I Prepare for a Psychological Assessment?

Preparation is simple but important. To get the most accurate results:

  • Don’t research or “practice” the tests—this can create confusing or misleading results

  • Get a good night’s sleep and eat beforehand to stay focused

  • Bring relevant documents, such as past medical, school, or therapy records

  • Be open and honest in your responses, even if some topics feel uncomfortable

  • Ask questions—your psychologist is there to help, not to judge

Remember: the goal is to capture your true experience, not a “perfect” performance.

What Questions Do They Ask in a Psychological Assessment?

Questions will vary based on your age and the reason for the evaluation. Common themes include:

  • Emotional well-being: Have you been feeling anxious, sad, overwhelmed, or angry?

  • Cognitive functioning: How is your memory, attention, and concentration?

  • Social functioning: Do you struggle in relationships or communication?

  • Work/school performance: Are you having difficulty meeting expectations or staying organized?

  • History: Have there been past traumas, mental health diagnoses, or significant life events?

For children, parents, and teachers may answer behavior-related questions to provide a fuller picture of how the child functions in different settings.

Final Thoughts

A psychological evaluation is one of the most valuable tools in mental health care. It doesn’t just tell you what’s going wrong—it helps you understand why and what to do next. With the guidance of a compassionate, experienced psychologist, you can unlock meaningful insights and build a clear path forward.

At Wellman Psychology, we are passionate about helping people uncover answers, grow in self-awareness, and get the support they need to thrive. Our team offers personalized, research-based assessments for children, adolescents, and adults across a wide range of concerns.

Ready To Take The Next Step?

  • Reach out to Wellman Psychology today to book your Psychoeducational Assessment Chicago consultation.

  • Our licensed professionals are here to guide you with empathy and expertise.

  • We offer flexible scheduling, detailed written reports, and follow-up support.

  • Let us help you discover the clarity and confidence that comes with understanding.

  • Your journey toward better mental health begins here.

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